Section 1:

American Cancer Society (2006). What are the key statistics for breast cancer?. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_are_the_key_st...

American Cancer Society (2007). Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2007-2008. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, Inc.

Baquet, C.R., & Commiskey, P. Socioeconomic factors and breast carcinoma in multicultural women. Cancer. Mar 1 2000;88(5 Suppl):1256-1264.

Barlow, W.E., White, E., Ballard-Barbash, R., et al. Prospective breast cancer risk prediction model for women undergoing screening mammography. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Sep 6 2006;98(17):1204-1214.

Boyd, N.F., Guo, H., Martin, L.J., et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. Jan 18 2007;356(3):227-236.

Byrne, C., Schairer, C., Brinton, L.A., et al. Effects of mammographic density and benign breast disease on breast cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. Feb 2001;12(2):103-110.

Carey, L.A., Perou, C.M., Livasy, C.A., et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. Jun 7 2006;295(21):2492-2502.

Carter, C.L., Allen, C., & Henson, D.E. Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer. 1989 Jan;63(1):181-187.

Chlebowksi, R.T., Chen, Z., Anderson, G.L., et al. Ethnicity and breast cancer: factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Mar 16 2005;97(6):439-448.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50,302 women with breast cancer and 96,973 women without the disease. Lancet. Jul 20 2002;360(9328):187-195.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet. Jun 22 1996;347(9017):1713-1727.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet. Oct 11 1997;350(9084):1047-1059.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet. Oct 27 2001:358(9291):1389-1399.

Duffy, S.W., Tabar, L., Chen, H.H., et al. The impact of organized mammography service screening on breast carcinoma mortality in seven Swedish counties. Cancer. Aug 1 2002;95(3):458-469.

Halpern, M.T., Bian, J., Ward, E.M., Schrag, N.M., & Chen, A.Y. Insurance status and stage of cancer at diagnosis among women with breast cancer. Cancer. Jul 15 2007;110(2):395-402.

Hankison, S., & Hunter, D. Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(20):2047-2048.

Humphrey, L.L., Helfand, M., Chan, B.K., & Woolf, S.H. Breast cancer screening: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine. Sep 3 2002;137(5 Part 1):347-360.

Li, C.I., Malone, K.E., Porter, P.L., et al. Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association. Jun 25 2003;289(24):3254-3263.

Mayo Clinic. Breast Cancer: Signs and Symptoms. September 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-cancer/DS00328/DSECTION=2

McPherson, K., & Steel, C.M. ABC of Breast Disease. British Medical Journal. 2000;321.

Michaelson, J.S., Silverstein, M., Wyatt, J., et al. Predicting the survival of patients with breast carcinoma using tumor size. Cancer. Aug 15 2002;95(4):713-723.

National Cancer Institute (2007). General Information About Breast Cancer. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/patient

National Cancer Institute. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer (PDQ). Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/genetics/breast-and-ovarian/healt....

Newman, L.A., et al. Proposed revision of the Gail Breast Cancer (GBC) Risk Assessment Model. Retrieved November 27, 2007, from http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/cancer_risk_prediction/workshop/posters/New...

Osteen, R. Breast cancer. In: Lenhard RE, Osteen RT, Gansler T, eds. Clinical Oncology. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2001:251-268.

Ries, L.A.G., Melbert, D., Krapcho, M., et al., eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004/, based on November 2006 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER Web site, 2007.

Rossouw, J.E., Anderson, G.L., Prentice, R.L., et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. Jul 17 2002;288(3):321-333.

Shantakumar, S., Terry, M.B., Teitelbaum, S.L., et al. Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk among older women. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. May 2007;102(3):365-374.

Singh, G.K., Miller, B.A., Hankey, B.F., & Edwards, B.K. Area socioeconomic variation in US cancer incidence, mortality, state, treatment, and survival 1975-1999. NCI Cancer Surveillance Monograph Series, Number 4. Vol Number 4. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2003. NIH Publication No. 03-5417.

Smith, L.F. Palpable cancer of the breast and negative mammography: The ongoing dilemma. Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2007;96:451-452.

Springhouse (2006). Professional guide to signs and symptoms (5th ed.). Springhouse, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Springhouse (2003). Handbook of diseases. Springhouse, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 9 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2006 Sub (1973-2004), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2007, based on the November 2006 submission.

Tabar, L., Yen, M.F., Vitak, B., Tony Chen, H.H., Smith, R.A., & Duffy, S.W. Mammography service screening and mortality in breast cancer patients: 20-year follow-up before and after introduction of screening. Lancet. Apr 26 2003; 361(9367):1405-1410.

Tchou, J., & Morrow, M. (2003). Available models for breast cancer risk assessment: how accurate are they?. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 197(6);1029-1035.

Thomas, M.K., Lichy, J., & Newhouse, J.H. Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, physical examination, and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 patient evaluations. Radiology. 2002 Oct;225(1):165-175.

Tyrer, J., Duffy, S.W., & Cuzik, J. A breast cancer prediction model incorporating familial and personal risk factors. Statistics in Medicine. 2004 Apr;23(7):1111-30.

Warwick, J., Tabar, L., Vitak, B., & Duffy, S.W. Time-dependent effects on survival in breast carcinoma: results of 20 years of follow-up from the Swedish Two-County Study. Cancer. Apr 1 2004;100(7):1331-1336.

Vacek, P.M., & Gellar, B.M. A prospective study of breast cancer risk using routine mammographic breast density measurements. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. May 2004;13(5);715-722.

Winchester, D.J., Winchester, D.P., & Hudis, C.A. (2005). American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology: Breast Cancer (2nd ed.). Decker Inc.

Section 2:

American Cancer Society (2007). Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2007-2008. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, Inc.

Berry, D.A., Cronin, K.A., Plevritis, S.K., et al. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. Oct 27 2005;353(17):1784-1792.

Bhosle, M., Samuel, S., Vosuri, V., Paskett, E., & Balkrishnan, R. Physician and patient characteristics associated with outpatient breast cancer screening recommendations in the United States: analysis of the National Ambualtory Medical Care Survey Data 1996-2004. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2007;103:53-59.

Boling, W., Laufman, L., Lynch, G.R., & Weinberg, A.D. Increasing mammography screening through inpatient education. Journal of Cancer Education. 2005;20(4):247-250.

Botman, S.L., Moore, T.F., Moriarity, C.L., & Parsons, V.L. National Center for Health Statistics. Design and Estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 1995-2004. Vital and Health Statistics. Retrieved February 15, 2007, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_130.pdf

Breen, N., Cronin, K.A., Meissner, H.I., Taplin, S.H., Tangka, F.K., Tiro, J.A., & McNeel, T.S. Reported drop in mammography: Is this cause for concern?. Cancer. June 15 2007;109(12):2405-2409.

Consedine, N.S., Magai, C., Krivoshekova, Y.S., Ryzewicz, L., & Neugut, A.I. Fear, anxiety, worry, and breast cancer screening behavior: a critical review. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2004;12(4):501-510.

Engelman, K.K., Cizik, A.M., & Ellerbeck, E.F. Women’s satisfaction with their mammography experience: results of a qualitative study. Journal of Women’s Health. 2005;42(4):17-35.

Fernandez, M.E., Palmer, R.C., & Leong-Wu, C.A. Repeat mammorgraphy screening among low-income and minority women: a qualitative study. Cancer Control. 2005 Nov;12 Suppl 2:77-83.

Gullatte, M.M., Phillips, J.M., & Gibson, L.M. Factors associated with delays in screening of self-detected breast changes in African-American women. Journal of the National Black Nurses Association. 2006 Jul;17(1):45-50.

Hawley, S.T., Earp, J.A., & O’Malley, M. The role of physician recommendation in women’s mammography use: is it a 2-stage process? Medical Care. 2000 Apr;38(4):392-403.

Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies (2005). Saving Women’s Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

Li, C.I., Daling, J.R., & Malone, K.E. Age-specific incidence rates of in situ breast carcinomas by histologic type, 1980 to 2001. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Apr 2005;14(4):1008-1011.

Luquis, R.R., & Villanueva Cruz, I.J. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about breast cancer and breast cancer screening among Hispanic women residing in South Central Pennsylvania. Journal of Community Health. 2006 Feb;31(1):25-42.

McAlearney, A.S., Reeves, K.W., Tatum, C., & Paskett, E.D. Cost as a barrier to screening mammography among underserved women. Ethnicity and Health. 2007 Apr;12(2):189-203.

McAlearney, A.S., Reeves, K.W., Tatum, C., & Paskett, E.D. Perceptions of insurance coverage for screening mammography women in need of screening. Journal of the American Cancer Society. 2005 June;103(12):2473-2480.

Meissner, H.I., Breen, N., Taubman, M.L., Vernon, S.W., & Graubard, B.I. Which women aren’t getting mammograms and why? (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 2007;18:61-70.

Mitchell, J., Lannin, D.R., Mathews, H.F, & Swanson, M.S. Religious beliefs and breast cancer screening. Journal of Women’s Health. 2002;11(10):907-915.

Morgan, C., Park, E., & Cortes, D.E. Beliefs, knowledge, and behavior about cancer among urban Hispanic women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs. 1995;(18):57-63.

National Cancer Institute (2007). Breast Cancer Prevention. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/Patient/page3

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 2007;1:2.

Newman, L.A., et al. Proposed revision of the Gail Breast Cancer (GBC) Risk Assessment Model. Retrieved November 272, 2007, from http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/cancer_risk_prediction/workshop/posters/New...

Nutting, P.A., Baier, M., Werner, J.J., Cutter, G., Conry, C, & Stewart, L. Competing demands in the office visit: what influence mammography recommendations? Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2001;14(5):352-361.

O’Malley, A.S., Forrest, C.B., & Mandelblatt, J. Adherence of low-income women to cancer screening recommendations. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 202;17:144-154.

O’Malley, M.S., Earp, J.A.L., Hawley, S.T., Schell, M.J., Mathews, H.F., &Mitchell, J. The association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation for mammography: who gets the message about breast cancer screening. American Journal of Public Health. 2001 Jan;91(1):49-54.

Peipins, L.A., Shapiro, J.A., Bobo, J.K., & Berkowitz, Z. Impact of women’s experiences during mammography on adherence to rescreening (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 2006;17:439-447.

Powe, B.D., Daniels, E.C., Finnie, R., & Thompson, A. Perceptions about breast cancer among African American women: do selected educational materials challenge them?. Patient Education and Counseling. 2005;56:197-204.

Royak-Schaler, R., Blocker, D.E., Yali, A.M., Bynoe, M, Briant, K.J., & Smith, S. Breast and colorectal cancer risk communication approaches with low-income African American and Hispanic women: implications for healthcare providers. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2004 May;96(5):598-608.

Sabatino, S.A., Burns, R.B., Davis, R.B., Phillips, R.S., & McCarthy, E.P. Breast cancer risk and provider recommendation for mammography among recently unscreened women in the United States. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2006;21:285-291.

Smith, R., & Cokkinides, V. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, 2006. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2006;56:11-25.

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence – SEER 13 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2006 Sub (1992-2004) – Linked To County Attributes – Total U.S., 1969-2004 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2007, based on November 2006 submission.

Tam Ashing, K., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., & Kagawa-Singer, M. Understanding the breast cancer experience of Asian American women. Psychooncology. 2003 Jan-Feb;12(1):38-58.

The National Cancer on Radiation (NCRP) Protection and Measurements. NCRP Releases Report No. 149, A guide to mammography and other breast imaging procedures.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. Retrieved November 27, 2007, from http://www.feddesk.com/freehandbooks/121505-1.pdf
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Breast Cancer: Recommendations and Rationale. February 2002. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/breastcancer/brcanrr.htm
Vienot, B., & Manderachia, C. Compliance with mammography screening. Identifying common barriers. Advance for Nurse Practitioners. 2004 May;12(5):61-64.

Wu, T-Y., West, B., Chen, Y-W., & Hergert, C. Health beliefs and practices related to breast cancer screening in Filipino, Chinese and Asian-Indian women. Journal of Cancer Detection and Prevention. 2006;30:58-66.

Zoorob, R., Russell, A., Cefalu, C., & Sidani, M. Cancer screening guidelines. American Family Physician. 2001 Mar;63(6):1101-1112.

Section 3:

Berger, J.T. Culture and ethnicity in clinical care. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1998;158:2085-2090.

Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E., & Park, E.R. Cultural competence and health care disparities: key perspectives and trends. Health Affairs (Project Hope). 2005 Mar-Apr;24(2):499-505.

Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E., & naneh-Firempong, O. Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports. 2003;118(4):293-302.

Brach, C., & Fraser, I. Reducing disparities through culturally competent health care: an analysis of the business case. Quality Management in Health Care. 2002;10:15-28.

Brislin, R. (2000). Understanding Culture’s Influence on Behavior, Second Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Burhansstipanov, L., Lovato, M.P., & Krebs, L.V. (1999). Native American Cancer Survivors. Health Care for Women International. 1999;20:505-515.

Carrillo, J.E., Green, A.R., & Betancourt, J.R. Cross-cultural primary care: A patient-based approach. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1999;130:829-834.

Cross, T.L., Bazron, B.J., Dennis, K.W., & Isaacs, M.R. (1989). Towards a culturally competent system of care, (Volume 1). Washington, DC: National Center for Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Mental Health, Georgetown University Child Development Center.

Genao, I., Bussey-Jones, J., Brady, D., Branch, W.T., Corbie-Smith G. Building the case for cultural competence. The American Journal of Medical Sciences. 2003 Sept;326(3):136-140.

Green, A.R., Betancourt, J.R., & Carrillo, J.E. The social history revisited: integrating social factors into cross-cultural medical education. Academic Medicine. 2002;77:193-197.

Hains, A.H., Lynch, E.W., & Winton, P.J. (2000). Moving towards cross-cultural competence in lifelong personnel development : A review of the literature. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from http://clas.uiuc.edu/techreport/tech3.html

Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, Harvard School of Public Health (2001). Community voices: Exploring cross-cultural care through cancer [VHS Tape]. (Available from Fanlight Productions, 4196 Washington St., Ste.2, Boston, MA 02131).

Hedrick, H., ed. Cultural Competence Compendium, Chicago: American Medical Association, 1999.

Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2003). Unequal Treatment, Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

Johnson, R.L., Saha, S., Arbelaez, J.J., Beach, M.C., & Cooper, L.A. Racial and ethnic differences in patient perceptions of bias and cultural competence in health care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2004;19(2):101–10.

Kleinman, A., Eisenberg, L., & Good, B. Culture, Illness, and Care: Clinical Lessons from Anthropologic and Cross-cultural Research. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1978;88:251-58.

Management Sciences for Health, USDHHS, HRSA, et al. The Providers Guide to Quality and Culture. Retrieved December 5, 2007, from http://erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm?file=1.0.htm&module=provider&language=En...

Mead, N., & Bower, P. Patient-centredness: a conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. Social Science and Medicine. 2000 Oct;51(7):1087–1110.

Misra-Hebert, A.D. Physician cultural competence: Cross-cultural communication improves care. Cleveland Clinical Journal of Medicine. 2003 Apr;70(4):289-303.

Office of Minority Health, USDHHS (2001). National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care. Retrieved December 5, 2007, from http://www.omhrc.gov/assets/pdf/checked/executive.pdf

Satcher, D., & Pamies, R.J. (2006). Multi Cultural Medicine and Health Disparities: Essentials for Clinical Practice. U.S.: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Simon, C.E. Breast Cancer Screening: Cultural Beliefs and Diverse Populations. Health and Social Work. 2006 Feb.

Sue, D.W., Sue D (2003). Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice, 4th Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Tam, Ashing K, Padilla, G., Tejero, J., & Kagawa-Singer, M. Understanding the breast cancer experience of Asian American women. Psychooncology. 2003 Jan-Feb;12(1):38-58.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2005). National Healthcare Disparities Report. Retrieved November 28, 2007, from http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/Nhdr05/fullreport/Index.htm

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2007, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/

Section 4:

Berlin, E.A., & Fowkes, W.C. A Teaching Framework for Cross-Cultural Health Care. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1983;139:934-938.